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Abstract/Sommario: Advances in ICT have opened the door to new ways of organising work. We are shifting from a regular, bureaucratic and ‘factory-based’ working time pattern towards a more flexible model of work. Telework and ICT-based mobile work (TICTM) has emerged in this transition, giving workers and employers the ability to adapt the time and location of work to their needs. Despite the flexibility and higher level of worker autonomy inherent in TICTM, there are risks that this work arrangement lea ...; [Leggi tutto...] Advances in ICT have opened the door to new ways of organising work. We are shifting from a regular, bureaucratic and ‘factory-based’ working time pattern towards a more flexible model of work. Telework and ICT-based mobile work (TICTM) has emerged in this transition, giving workers and employers the ability to adapt the time and location of work to their needs. Despite the flexibility and higher level of worker autonomy inherent in TICTM, there are risks that this work arrangement leads to the deterioration of work–life balance, higher stress levels and failing worker health.

Abstract/Sommario: This report provides a description of underlying macroeconomic assumptions and projection methodologies of the age-related expenditure projections for all Member States. On the basis of these underlying assumptions and methodologies, age-related expenditures covering pensions, health care, long-term care, education and unemployment transfers have been calculated and presented to the ECOFIN Council in May 2009.

Abstract/Sommario: This Yearbook sets out to distil Eurofound’s key findings during 2009. The first to be published as part of Eurofound’s four-year work programme ‘Better work, better life’ can deliver only a partial picture of Eurofound’s research findings, given the breadth of the work undertaken every year. However, as a glance through the Yearbook reveals, the impact of the recession dominated Eurofound research across its various areas of expertise. Moreover, Eurofound’s periodic, longitudinal rese ...; [Leggi tutto...] This Yearbook sets out to distil Eurofound’s key findings during 2009. The first to be published as part of Eurofound’s four-year work programme ‘Better work, better life’ can deliver only a partial picture of Eurofound’s research findings, given the breadth of the work undertaken every year. However, as a glance through the Yearbook reveals, the impact of the recession dominated Eurofound research across its various areas of expertise. Moreover, Eurofound’s periodic, longitudinal research proved its worth, demonstrating the changes that have followed in the wake of the downturn to date.

Abstract/Sommario: This second annual Yearbook on Living and working in Europe 2010 aims to convey the main findings of some of Eurofound's key currents of research – in particular, results and analysis from its three pan-European surveys on company practices, working conditions and quality of life. All the surveys now enable us to paint some pictures of trends over time, crucial for understanding how Europe is developing and the changing challenges it is encountering. Not least among these challenges is ...; [Leggi tutto...] This second annual Yearbook on Living and working in Europe 2010 aims to convey the main findings of some of Eurofound's key currents of research – in particular, results and analysis from its three pan-European surveys on company practices, working conditions and quality of life. All the surveys now enable us to paint some pictures of trends over time, crucial for understanding how Europe is developing and the changing challenges it is encountering. Not least among these challenges is the creation of a truly multicultural European society, a task being undertaken daily by both majority and minority communities. As detailed in last year’s publication, European governments and social partners are still dealing with the effects of the economic crisis; in many countries, short-time working schemes were extended or introduced as one response. Eurofound’s Yearbook also outlines how such responses to the crisis may also provide an opportunity, highlighting ways of adapting such schemes to combine both greater flexibility and greater security. Such adaptation can only take place with the cooperation of the social partners: the Yearbook 2010 looks at how both trade unions and employer organisations are adapting to meet the challenges of changing times.

Abstract/Sommario: This third annual Yearbook on Living and working in Europe 2011 provide a collection of data on the working conditions that European workers experience every day, on the living conditions and quality of life that citizens enjoy and on workplace practices prevalent in European companies. All three surveys have been conducted repeatedly at regular intervals so that trends can be captured. Close monitoring of labour market developments lead to other interesting insights, like the fact tha ...; [Leggi tutto...] This third annual Yearbook on Living and working in Europe 2011 provide a collection of data on the working conditions that European workers experience every day, on the living conditions and quality of life that citizens enjoy and on workplace practices prevalent in European companies. All three surveys have been conducted repeatedly at regular intervals so that trends can be captured. Close monitoring of labour market developments lead to other interesting insights, like the fact that Europe has created better jobs but not more. The 2011 Yearbook can only provide a partial picture of the broad range of work undertaken by Eurofound during the past year.

Abstract/Sommario: In 2016 some 11.8 million EU citizens of working age were living in an EU country other than their own. This report presents an overview of mobility and its characteristics within the EU and the EFTA countries. In addition, the report focuses this year on the gender dimension of mobility, language and other barriers to cross-border mobility in neighbouring regions; and at the mobility of health professionals.

Abstract/Sommario: The latest developments indicate that the large growth in mobility seen in 2015 and 2016, has slightly slowed down. Intra-EU mobility is still increasing but with a slower speed. In 2017, there were 17 million EU-28 movers. This annual report provides updated information on labour-mobility trends in EU and EFTA countries. This year, the report also analyses the qualifications and the household’s composition of the EU-28 movers.

Abstract/Sommario: The third wave of Eurofound’s European Company Survey was carried out in 2013. It surveyed management representatives in over 24,000 establishments; where available, employee representatives were also interviewed – in 6,800 of these establishments. The survey captured workplace practices in terms of work organisation, human resource management, direct participation and social dialogue. After setting out the findings, this report then examines how these practices relate to each other a ...; [Leggi tutto...] The third wave of Eurofound’s European Company Survey was carried out in 2013. It surveyed management representatives in over 24,000 establishments; where available, employee representatives were also interviewed – in 6,800 of these establishments. The survey captured workplace practices in terms of work organisation, human resource management, direct participation and social dialogue. After setting out the findings, this report then examines how these practices relate to each other and to the outcomes for companies and workers. Overall, it finds that establishments that used joint employee-management decision-making on daily tasks, have a moderately structured internal organisation, make a limited investment in human resource management but have extensive practices for direct participation score best both in terms of establishment performance and workplace well-being.

Abstract/Sommario: The Copenhagen process has coordinated technical and political support for voluntary cooperation and brought together the European Commission and participating countries and European social partners to work on common objectives, priorities and benchmarks for VET. As Europe embarks on a new strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth from now to 2020, this report examines the achievements and impact of Europe’s efforts to modernise VET and ease mobility for learning and working ...; [Leggi tutto...] The Copenhagen process has coordinated technical and political support for voluntary cooperation and brought together the European Commission and participating countries and European social partners to work on common objectives, priorities and benchmarks for VET. As Europe embarks on a new strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth from now to 2020, this report examines the achievements and impact of Europe’s efforts to modernise VET and ease mobility for learning and working.

Abstract/Sommario: In response to the evolution of the world economy and its impact on Europe, the European Commission proposed a set of programmes to boost jobs, growth and investment across the European Union. The programmes are part of the multiannual financial framework 2014-2020. This publication guides you through these programmes and the funding opportunities they offer are briefly described here in this booklet. Detailed information is available on the European Commission’s website. EU funding op ...; [Leggi tutto...] In response to the evolution of the world economy and its impact on Europe, the European Commission proposed a set of programmes to boost jobs, growth and investment across the European Union. The programmes are part of the multiannual financial framework 2014-2020. This publication guides you through these programmes and the funding opportunities they offer are briefly described here in this booklet. Detailed information is available on the European Commission’s website. EU funding opportunities prove the added value of the EU budget in a number of fields, from research, employment, regional development and cooperation to education, culture, environment, humanitarian aid and energy, among many others.

Abstract/Sommario: The EU population, like those of most other world regions, is living longer and in better health. Population ageing presents a number of challenges for our welfare systems and public finances. Indeed, the EU Member States spend, on average, more than a quarter of their GDP on social protection, most of it for the benefit of older people in the form of pensions, health and long-term care. Ageing is perceived by many as a threat instead of one of our greatest achievements. The growing nu ...; [Leggi tutto...] The EU population, like those of most other world regions, is living longer and in better health. Population ageing presents a number of challenges for our welfare systems and public finances. Indeed, the EU Member States spend, on average, more than a quarter of their GDP on social protection, most of it for the benefit of older people in the form of pensions, health and long-term care. Ageing is perceived by many as a threat instead of one of our greatest achievements. The growing number of older people is seen as a burden on the working-age population. These fears neglect, however, the fact that a growing number of older people are in good health, have valuable skills and experience and are willing to make a significant contribution to society, a contribution from which young people can strongly benefit. Allowing people to stay active as they grow older and to continue contributing to society is key to tackling the challenge of demographic ageing. This is why the European Union decided to designate 2012 as the "European Year for Active Ageing and Solidarity between Generations". This survey has been commissioned by the European Commission's Directorate General for the Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion to understand European citizens’ views and attitudes towards older people, the contribution of older people in the workplace and society, and how best to promote an active role of older people in society. In fact, active ageing is not just about the participation of older workers in the labour market, it's about their active contribution to society through voluntary work, notably as family carers, or the possibility to live independently thanks to adapted housing and infrastructure. This report covers the 27 Member States and five non-EU countries; namely Croatia, Iceland, FYROM, Norway and Turkey. The results are presented at an aggregate level for the EU27 excluding the five non-EU countries. The socio-demographic analysis focuses primarily on age, gender, occupation and relative affluence. The main themes addressed in this report are: overall perceptions of age and older people, older people in the workplace, retirement and pensions, voluntary work and support for older people, age friendly environment.

Abstract/Sommario: he EU population, like those of most other world regions, is living longer and in better health. Population ageing presents a number of challenges for our welfare systems and public finances. Indeed, the EU Member States spend, on average, more than a quarter of their GDP on social protection, most of it for the benefit of older people in the form of pensions, health and long-term care. Ageing is perceived by many as a threat instead of one of our greatest achievements. The growing num ...; [Leggi tutto...] he EU population, like those of most other world regions, is living longer and in better health. Population ageing presents a number of challenges for our welfare systems and public finances. Indeed, the EU Member States spend, on average, more than a quarter of their GDP on social protection, most of it for the benefit of older people in the form of pensions, health and long-term care. Ageing is perceived by many as a threat instead of one of our greatest achievements. The growing number of older people is seen as a burden on the working-age population. These fears neglect, however, the fact that a growing number of older people are in good health, have valuable skills and experience and are willing to make a significant contribution to society, a contribution from which young people can strongly benefit. Allowing people to stay active as they grow older and to continue contributing to society is key to tackling the challenge of demographic ageing. This is why the European Union decided to designate 2012 as the "European Year for Active Ageing and Solidarity between Generations". This survey has been commissioned by the European Commission's Directorate General for the Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion to understand European citizens’ views and attitudes towards older people, the contribution of older people in the workplace and society, and how best to promote an active role of older people in society. In fact, active ageing is not just about the participation of older workers in the labour market, it's about their active contribution to society through voluntary work, notably as family carers, or the possibility to live independently thanks to adapted housing and infrastructure. This report covers the 27 Member States and five non-EU countries; namely Croatia, Iceland, FYROM, Norway and Turkey. The results are presented at an aggregate level for the EU27 excluding the five non-EU countries. The socio-demographic analysis focuses primarily on age, gender, occupation and relative affluence. The main themes addressed in this report are: overall perceptions of age and older people, older people in the workplace, retirement and pensions, voluntary work and support for older people, age friendly environment.

Abstract/Sommario: Young people with disabilities or health problems face particular difficulties in accessing employment. Active inclusion policy is seen as the most appropriate policy instrument for combating the exclusion of these young people from the labour market. This study examines the implementation of active inclusion policy at national level in 11 EU Member States. The study reviews policy in these countries and compiles information from 44 case studies of good practice among diverse and innov ...; [Leggi tutto...] Young people with disabilities or health problems face particular difficulties in accessing employment. Active inclusion policy is seen as the most appropriate policy instrument for combating the exclusion of these young people from the labour market. This study examines the implementation of active inclusion policy at national level in 11 EU Member States. The study reviews policy in these countries and compiles information from 44 case studies of good practice among diverse and innovative service providers. The study concludes that policy and practice need to focus more keenly on these young people, to learn from available evidence, and to take a more joined-up approach to service delivery.

Abstract/Sommario: The issue of over-indebtedness continues to be a concern, particularly among some population groups and in Member States where recent increases can be observed. This report provides an overview of the main causes, triggers and consequences of household over-indebtedness, including the costs to society. It then examines two policy responses in the EU and Norway: debt advisory services and debt settlement procedures. While the findings show that in the wake of the global financial crisis ...; [Leggi tutto...] The issue of over-indebtedness continues to be a concern, particularly among some population groups and in Member States where recent increases can be observed. This report provides an overview of the main causes, triggers and consequences of household over-indebtedness, including the costs to society. It then examines two policy responses in the EU and Norway: debt advisory services and debt settlement procedures. While the findings show that in the wake of the global financial crisis, such services and procedures have generally become more widely available and accessible, gaps remain. The overall aim of the report is to draw the attention of national and EU-level policymakers to ways to improve policy responses to household over-indebtedness.

Abstract/Sommario: Through a comprehensive overview of policies and data related to the renewed European agenda for adult learning, this Eurydice report aims to support the exchange of policy and practice between countries. The report concentrates on measures to ensure that the most vulnerable groups of adult learners, in particular those with low basic skills or insufficient qualifications, have appropriate access to lifelong learning opportunities. The report's six chapters cover background statistical ...; [Leggi tutto...] Through a comprehensive overview of policies and data related to the renewed European agenda for adult learning, this Eurydice report aims to support the exchange of policy and practice between countries. The report concentrates on measures to ensure that the most vulnerable groups of adult learners, in particular those with low basic skills or insufficient qualifications, have appropriate access to lifelong learning opportunities. The report's six chapters cover background statistical data on adult education and training, national policy commitments to adult learning, main types of publicly subsidised programmes, learning flexibility and progression pathways, outreach initiatives and guidance services as well as targeted financial support. The report is mainly based on information gathered through the Eurydice Network in 2014 and covers 35 national education systems located in 32 European countries (all EU Member States as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Turkey). Alongside Eurydice information, it also includes data from a range of research projects and statistical data from international surveys.

Abstract/Sommario: While Italy has made major progress in the past decade to up-skill its population and workers, further efforts are needed to improve access to good quality adult learning opportunities. Training funds represent one important tool through which Italy could face the pressures brought about by the mega-trends, and equip adults and workers with the skills needed to thrive in the labour market and society. This report analyses how training funds are designed, used, and monitored, and provid ...; [Leggi tutto...] While Italy has made major progress in the past decade to up-skill its population and workers, further efforts are needed to improve access to good quality adult learning opportunities. Training funds represent one important tool through which Italy could face the pressures brought about by the mega-trends, and equip adults and workers with the skills needed to thrive in the labour market and society. This report analyses how training funds are designed, used, and monitored, and provides actionable policy recommendations to ensure that they are put to their most effective use.

Abstract/Sommario: Il rapporto fa parte della seconda serie di pubblicazioni sulle analisi tematiche per paese (thematic country reviews, TCRs) sull’apprendistato del Cedefop e presenta i risultati della ricerca condotta in Italia. L‘analisi promossa dal Cedefop si concentra sull’apprendistato di tipo 1 (tipo 1) in Italia, per come è stato riformato nel 2015. Questo schema condivide alcune delle caratteristiche del «modello duale» di apprendistato, ben consolidato in paesi quali la Germania e l’Austria. ...; [Leggi tutto...] Il rapporto fa parte della seconda serie di pubblicazioni sulle analisi tematiche per paese (thematic country reviews, TCRs) sull’apprendistato del Cedefop e presenta i risultati della ricerca condotta in Italia. L‘analisi promossa dal Cedefop si concentra sull’apprendistato di tipo 1 (tipo 1) in Italia, per come è stato riformato nel 2015. Questo schema condivide alcune delle caratteristiche del «modello duale» di apprendistato, ben consolidato in paesi quali la Germania e l’Austria. È formalmente collegato al sistema di istruzione e formazione; prevede una componente rilevante di formazione formale presso la scuola o il centro di formazione, che si alterna sistematicamente con la formazione formale all’interno dell’azienda e una componente lavorativa sul luogo di lavoro. L’apprendista è contrattualmente legato al datore di lavoro tramite un contratto di lavoro a tempo indeterminato, di cui fa parte integrante un piano di formazione individuale. Il datore di lavoro è responsabile della formazione aziendale e retribuisce l’apprendista.

Abstract/Sommario: Cedefop’s fourth annual report on developments in national qualification frameworks (NQFs) in Europe confirms that these frameworks are considered a key way of making qualifications easier to understand and compare within and between countries. It has also found that such frameworks are increasingly used to encourage changes in education and training. For instance, during 2012 some National Qualifications Frameworks opened up to include qualifications awarded outside the formal public ...; [Leggi tutto...] Cedefop’s fourth annual report on developments in national qualification frameworks (NQFs) in Europe confirms that these frameworks are considered a key way of making qualifications easier to understand and compare within and between countries. It has also found that such frameworks are increasingly used to encourage changes in education and training. For instance, during 2012 some National Qualifications Frameworks opened up to include qualifications awarded outside the formal public system. Most of the 36 countries working together on the European Qualifications Framework – the 27 EU Member States, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland and Turkey have now agreed on the overall structure of their national frameworks. In addition to the fully operational frameworks in France, Ireland, Malta and the UK, ten more countries are now entering an early operational phase.

Abstract/Sommario: In this paper, Cedefop analyses European attitudes and experiences with workplace training and looks at 25 case studies of companies in nine EU Member States with varying approaches to employee learning. The results show that employers only get the full benefits of training their staff if they integrate training within a wider frame of continuous professional development. In training employees, companies should not only focus on short-term financial benefits, but aim to improve organis ...; [Leggi tutto...] In this paper, Cedefop analyses European attitudes and experiences with workplace training and looks at 25 case studies of companies in nine EU Member States with varying approaches to employee learning. The results show that employers only get the full benefits of training their staff if they integrate training within a wider frame of continuous professional development. In training employees, companies should not only focus on short-term financial benefits, but aim to improve organisational performance. Training activities can go a long way toward motivating employees and encouraging them to commit to the goals of the organisation. The message is that improvements to employees’ work situation are desirable in their own right, so long as employer gains from training are sustainable.

Abstract/Sommario: Two thousand and eleven was the first year in the new policy framework set by Europe 2020 and its flagship initiatives, the education and training framework 2020 and the Bruges communiqué. As focus shifted from policy-making to implementation, demand for Cedefopʼs expertise remained strong. The more so as education and training, and therefore vocational education and training (VET), are now embedded in the overall economic governance process which guides Member Statesʼ reforms to achie ...; [Leggi tutto...] Two thousand and eleven was the first year in the new policy framework set by Europe 2020 and its flagship initiatives, the education and training framework 2020 and the Bruges communiqué. As focus shifted from policy-making to implementation, demand for Cedefopʼs expertise remained strong. The more so as education and training, and therefore vocational education and training (VET), are now embedded in the overall economic governance process which guides Member Statesʼ reforms to achieve the EUʼs 2020 goals. In 2011, Member States made substantial progress in implementing common European tools and principles, which describe qualifications in terms of what learners are expected to know and able to do. Cedefop is supporting Member Statesʼ work on relating their qualifications to the levels of the European
qualifications framework.

Abstract/Sommario: Accountability and dissemination of its work are important elements of Cedefop’s policy to provide assurance to stakeholders for resources used and results achieved. Especially for a centre of research and policy advice such as Cedefop, where its impact is hard to gauge for the common European citizen, legitimacy of public expenditure is important and even more important in times of crisis and budgetary constraint. Cedefop’s annual report is intended as a presentational and accountabil ...; [Leggi tutto...] Accountability and dissemination of its work are important elements of Cedefop’s policy to provide assurance to stakeholders for resources used and results achieved. Especially for a centre of research and policy advice such as Cedefop, where its impact is hard to gauge for the common European citizen, legitimacy of public expenditure is important and even more important in times of crisis and budgetary constraint. Cedefop’s annual report is intended as a presentational and accountability tool to help stakeholders and the general public to understand Cedefop’s priorities and specific objectives, its main output and outcomes of its work. Information on each project is presented in a standard format, to make it easier to monitor and review projects’ implementation.

Abstract/Sommario: Accountability and dissemination of its work are important elements of Cedefop’s policy to provide assurance to stakeholders for resources used and results achieved. This publication contains UK data and analysis based on research conducted before the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union on 31 January 2020. EU averages or other statistical parameters including the UK reflect the situation in the European Union before 31 January 2020 and should not be considered as representati ...; [Leggi tutto...] Accountability and dissemination of its work are important elements of Cedefop’s policy to provide assurance to stakeholders for resources used and results achieved. This publication contains UK data and analysis based on research conducted before the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union on 31 January 2020. EU averages or other statistical parameters including the UK reflect the situation in the European Union before 31 January 2020 and should not be considered as representative of the situation in the EU thereafter. In this context 'EU-28' refers to the 28 EU Member States prior to 31 January 2020.

Abstract/Sommario: This sixth annual review of working conditions in the EU outlines relevant legislative and policy developments during the period 2008–2009 in the context of labour market mobility and demographic change. It also explores a range of issues and challenges related to working life and the workplace. It focuses in particular on four critical dimensions: career development and employment security, health and well-being, skills and competence development, and work–life balance.

Abstract/Sommario: This publication is the final report from the thematic country review of apprenticeships (TCR) in Italy. The review took place between July 2015 and July 2017 at the request of the Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies. It examined apprenticeship Type 1: apprenticeship for vocational qualification and diploma, upper secondary education diploma and high technical specialisation certificate. This report presents the TCR key findings and suggestions for action to develop the sche ...; [Leggi tutto...] This publication is the final report from the thematic country review of apprenticeships (TCR) in Italy. The review took place between July 2015 and July 2017 at the request of the Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policies. It examined apprenticeship Type 1: apprenticeship for vocational qualification and diploma, upper secondary education diploma and high technical specialisation certificate. This report presents the TCR key findings and suggestions for action to develop the scheme in the medium and long term.

Abstract/Sommario: This report details Cedefop’s first cross-nation study of apprenticeships in the European Union. The point of departure for the study is what countries define and offer as apprenticeship training. It then applies a purposive approach to identifying the changes that apprenticeships are undergoing in practice, based on their design characteristics.

Abstract/Sommario: Ensuring that young people and adults have opportunities to develop the right digital skills is crucial in avoiding skills shortages and fostering productivity. Apprenticeship can help develop the right skills for the digital transition and can also benefit from the introduction of digital technologies in its delivery. This publication draws from practice and research that explore how skill needs are changing due to the digital transition, how this impacts apprenticeship systems, how a ...; [Leggi tutto...] Ensuring that young people and adults have opportunities to develop the right digital skills is crucial in avoiding skills shortages and fostering productivity. Apprenticeship can help develop the right skills for the digital transition and can also benefit from the introduction of digital technologies in its delivery. This publication draws from practice and research that explore how skill needs are changing due to the digital transition, how this impacts apprenticeship systems, how apprenticeships can support and promote the transition, and how they can benefit for from effective technology adoption and use in their delivery in the school-based and workplace components.