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Abstract/Sommario: This issue of the ILO magazine focuses on jobs recession and also features stories from the world of work: ageing population, migration, gender equality and youth unemployment.

Abstract/Sommario: The report highlights key gender gaps and obstacles to decent work for women. It explores the structural barriers, including unpaid care work, that shape the nature and extent of women’s engagement in paid employment, and examines how laws, policies and practices in certain countries have addressed them. The report also outlines the measures that can and should be taken to seize the opportunities presented by the changing world of work.

Abstract/Sommario: The global financial crisis and the ensuing recession have had devastating consequences for employment and poverty reduction. The ILO estimates that 34 million more people worldwide are unemployed now as a result of the crisis. Combating unemployment and striving to attain decent work for all must be a key priority as the global economy emerges from the downturn.

Abstract/Sommario: This book presents a comprehensive overview of extant literature on competence-based vocational and professional education since the introduction of the competence concept in the 1950s.

Abstract/Sommario: Ageism is a social construct of old age that portrays ageing and older people in a stereotypical, often negative, way. We are convinced that ageism is harmful both to the individuals affected and to society as a whole. Hence, this book provides a thorough overview of insights into the origins of ageism and descriptions of the mani-festations and consequences of ageism in different domains and also presents interventions which might curtail and reduce ageism.

Abstract/Sommario: This study on Italy shows that the initial responses to the economic crisis in Italy were designed with the participation of the social partners and focused on supporting small and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs). At the local level, an agreement was concluded between the Government and the regional administrations to strengthen the Wages Guarantee Fund (CIG), a special public fund used to protect workers’ income. The authors contend that the measures were successful in retaining emplo ...; [Leggi tutto...] This study on Italy shows that the initial responses to the economic crisis in Italy were designed with the participation of the social partners and focused on supporting small and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs). At the local level, an agreement was concluded between the Government and the regional administrations to strengthen the Wages Guarantee Fund (CIG), a special public fund used to protect workers’ income. The authors contend that the measures were successful in retaining employment and demonstrated the ability to address challenges through social concertation.

Abstract/Sommario: Based on the results of the Ninth International Symposium on Working Time (Paris, 26-28 February 2004), this publication provides an exploration of current developments in working time in the industrialized world; how those developments vary in different countries and under different sets of socio-economic circumstances; and the public and enterprise policies that are best suited to addressing these developments.

Abstract/Sommario: This report provides one of the first comparative studies of working conditions on five major micro-task platforms that operate globally. It is based on an ILO survey covering 3,500 workers in 75 countries around the world and other qualitative surveys. The report analyses the working conditions on these micro-task platforms, including pay rates, work availability and intensity, social protection coverage and work–life balance. The report recommends 18 principles for ensuring decent wo ...; [Leggi tutto...] This report provides one of the first comparative studies of working conditions on five major micro-task platforms that operate globally. It is based on an ILO survey covering 3,500 workers in 75 countries around the world and other qualitative surveys. The report analyses the working conditions on these micro-task platforms, including pay rates, work availability and intensity, social protection coverage and work–life balance. The report recommends 18 principles for ensuring decent work on digital labour platforms.

Abstract/Sommario: This volume presents national statistics and new global and regional estimates on the number of domestic workers. It shows that domestic workers represent a significant share of the labour force worldwide and that domestic work is an important source of wage employment for women, especially in Latin America and Asia. It also examines the extent of inclusion or exclusion of domestic workers from key working conditions laws. In particular, it analyses how many domestic workers are covere ...; [Leggi tutto...] This volume presents national statistics and new global and regional estimates on the number of domestic workers. It shows that domestic workers represent a significant share of the labour force worldwide and that domestic work is an important source of wage employment for women, especially in Latin America and Asia. It also examines the extent of inclusion or exclusion of domestic workers from key working conditions laws. In particular, it analyses how many domestic workers are covered by working time provisions, minimum wage legislation and maternity protection. The results demonstrate that under current national laws, substantial gaps in protection still remain.
The volume concludes with a summary of the main findings and a reflection on the relevance of the newly adopted international standards to extend legal protection to domestic workers.

Abstract/Sommario: The current wave of technological change based on advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) has created widespread fear of job losses and further rises in inequality. This paper discusses the rationale for these fears, highlighting the specific nature of AI and comparing previous waves of automation and robotization with the current advancements made possible by a wide-spread adoption of AI. It argues that large opportunities in terms of increases in productivity can ensue, includin ...; [Leggi tutto...] The current wave of technological change based on advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) has created widespread fear of job losses and further rises in inequality. This paper discusses the rationale for these fears, highlighting the specific nature of AI and comparing previous waves of automation and robotization with the current advancements made possible by a wide-spread adoption of AI. It argues that large opportunities in terms of increases in productivity can ensue, including for developing countries, given the vastly reduced costs of capital that some applications have demonstrated and the potential for productivity increases, especially among the low-skilled. At the same time, risks in the form of further increases in inequality need to be addressed if the benefits from AI-based technological progress are to be broadly shared.

Abstract/Sommario: The race to the post-2015 finishing line is more complicated than the 2012 Olympics. Some runners seem to have already started the race in 2006, 2009, 2010 or 2011; others haven’t started. Though it is said to be a global event, most of the current participants and competitors are from the more economically developed economies. It is assumed that there will be prizes but no one seems to know how many. Confusingly, there is a main, general race, but also an education race. Finally, the ...; [Leggi tutto...] The race to the post-2015 finishing line is more complicated than the 2012 Olympics. Some runners seem to have already started the race in 2006, 2009, 2010 or 2011; others haven’t started. Though it is said to be a global event, most of the current participants and competitors are from the more economically developed economies. It is assumed that there will be prizes but no one seems to know how many. Confusingly, there is a main, general race, but also an education race. Finally, the education and skills communities are hoping to be in both races and get at least one of the prizes in the main race, and many prizes in the education race; but it is not clear which prizes they are after, as there are many different competitors representing education, but it seems that not so many supporting skills development.

Abstract/Sommario: This current working paper is concerned with the evidence-base and justification for the post-2015 education and skills objectives, goals and targets that are being recommended. It reviews the major research-based material making the case for education and skills goals.

Abstract/Sommario: The global economic and financial crisis, which has predictably turned into a major employment crisis, forms the background to the third Global Report on discrimination. The aim of the Report is to provide a dynamic picture of trends over the last four years and present some findings, conclusions and recommendations for future action by the ILO and its constituents. On the positive side, there is more legislation, there are more institutional initiatives, and, in general, a growing awa ...; [Leggi tutto...] The global economic and financial crisis, which has predictably turned into a major employment crisis, forms the background to the third Global Report on discrimination. The aim of the Report is to provide a dynamic picture of trends over the last four years and present some findings, conclusions and recommendations for future action by the ILO and its constituents. On the positive side, there is more legislation, there are more institutional initiatives, and, in general, a growing awareness of the need to overcome discrimination at work. However, capacity does not keep pace with the political will, and a prolonged economic downturn exposes structural weaknesses and even aggravates structural discrimination. Furthermore, the agenda of discrimination at work is continuously diversifying, and new challenges arise where old ones remain at best only partially answered.

Abstract/Sommario: Germany experienced one of the most dramatic declines in output as a result of the crisis. And yet employment fell only marginally. This study shows how this was achieved through a carefully designed job-centred strategy. It also highlights areas where action is needed in order to consolidate economic recovery. In particular, by making the labour market more attractive to workers, Germany would be rewarded with significant gains, both economic and social.